Efecto antagónico de cepas probióticas contra dos cepas patógenas resistentes a antibióticos: Salmonella Thyphimuirum y E. coli O157:H7
Palabras clave:
Resistencia a antibióticos, Antagonismo bacteriano, ácido lácticoResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue probar la eficiencia de las cepas probióticas Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (L. rhmanosus) y Bifidobacterium animalis BI07 (B. animalis) para antagonizar los patógenos resistentes a antibióticos Salmonella enteritidis var Thyphimurium (Salmonella Thyphimurium) y Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). Las tres cepas probióticas mostraron poseer un efecto antagónico contra las cepas patógenas Salmonella Thyphimurium y E. coli O157:H7 resistentes a antibióticos. En la prueba de “Well Diffusion”, L. acidophilus y L. rhamnosus presentaron reducciones estadísticamente semejantes entre ellas (P >0.05) de 37-41 mm para E. coli O157:H7 y de 32 – 41 mm para Salmonella Thyphimurium, mientras que B. animalis mostró reducciones menores (P<0.05) para ambas bacterias patógenas de 6 y 5 mm respectivamente. Así mismo, los sobrenadantes de L. rhamnosus y L. acidophilus tuvieron un efecto significativo (P<0.05) y semejante en la reducción de la población (6-7 LOG UFC para Salmonella Thyphimurium y 3-5 LOG UFC para E. coli O157:H7), mientras que B. animalis solo fue capaz de inhibir el crecimiento de ambas cepas patógenas durante 24 h de incubación. Las diferencias en el efecto antagónico de los sobrenadantes se explica debido a la mayor presencia de ácido láctico de la cepa L. rhamnosus (265.69 ± 7.35 mM) seguida de L. acidophilus (163.02 ± 17.21 mM), y la menor de B. animalis (121.69 ± 5.41 mM), (P <0.05), aunque estas inhibiciones pueden ser explicadas por la posible presencia de bacteriocinas, no determinadas en este estudio. En el ensayo en co-cultivo, Salmonella Typhimurium presenta una mayor inhibición que E. coli O157:H7 (P <0.05), ya que a las 16 h de incubación, L. acidophilus redujo su población al límite de detección. El resto de las combinaciones en esta prueba, no fueron significativas (P >0.05).
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